The Frequency and Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among Otitis Media patients in Nasiriyah City
Keywords:
Otitis media, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sensitivity test, NasiriyahAbstract
Otitis Media considered as one of the most common types of ear infections, as well as the most blamed etiology is bacterial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most diagnosed pathogens causing these infections. P. aeruginosa has virulence factors that lead to damage to the mucosa of the middle ear. A total of two hundred and ten (210) samples collected from Otitis media patients whom consulting the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) section in AL-Habbobi Teaching Hospital in Al-Nasiriyah City, Southern-Iraq. During the period from August 2018 to January 2019. P. aeruginosa accounted for 65 samples (30.95%). Almost of isolates were sensitive to Carbapenem. The present study concludes females constitute a high percentage of infection with Otitis media (P-value= 0.01) and younger ages are more exposed to the risk of Otitis media (P-value = 0.36). The present study aimed to detect the relationship between the prevalence of Otitis media and the parameters associated with patients like gender, age, housing, and the study period. Also studying the pattern of antibiotics Sensitivity for the targeted bacteria and detection of some virulence factors.References
Bluestone, C. D., & Klein, J. O. (2001). Microbiology. In: Bluestone, C. D., Klein, J. O. (eds.). Otitis Media in Infants and Children. (3rd ed.). W. B. Saunders. Philadelphia,USA., Pp. 1014.
Lieberthal, A. S., Carroll, A. E., Chonmaitree, T., Ganiats, T. G., Hoberman, A., Jackson, M. A., ... & Schwartz, R. H. (2013). The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics, 131(3), e964-e999.
Maharjan, M., Bhandari, S., Singh, I., & Mishra, S. C. (2006). Prevalence of otitis media in school going children in Eastern Nepal. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 4(4), 479-482.
Fricks-Lima, J., Hendrickson, C. M., Allgaier, M., Zhuo, H., Wiener-Kronish, J. P., Lynch, S. V., & Yang, K. (2012). Differences in biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from airways of mechanically ventilated patients and cystic fibrosis patients. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 37(4), 309-315.
Bluestone, C. D. (2008). Impact of evolution on the eustachian tube. The Laryngoscope, 118(3), 522-527.
Stenfeldt, K., Enoksson, F., Stalfors, J., Hultcrantz, M., Hermansson, A., & Groth, A. )2014(. Infants under the age of six months with acute mastoiditis. A descriptive study of 15 years in Sweden. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 78(7), 1119-1122.
Stroman, D. W., Roland, P. S., Dohar, J., & Burt, W. (2001). Microbiology of normal external auditory canal. The laryngoscope, 111(11), 2054-2059.
van Dongen, T. M., Venekamp, R. P., Wensing, A. M., Bogaert, D., Sanders, E. A., & Schilder, A. G. (2015). Acute otorrhea in children with tympanostomy tubes: prevalence of bacteria and viruses in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 34(4), 355-360.
Mansoor, T., Musani, M. A., Khalid, G., & Kamal, M. (2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic suppurative otitis media: Sensitivity spectrum against various antibiotics in Karachi. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 21(2), 120-123.
Aldhaher, Z. A., Hassan, H. F., Al-Jassim, Z. G., & Mahmood, M. A. (2018). Bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility of ear infections in Iraqi patients. International Journal of Biosciences, (13)1, 292-297.
Onifade, A. K., Afolayan, C. O., & Afolami, O. I. (2018). Antimicrobial sensitivity, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and plasmid profile by microorganisms from Otitis media patients in Owo and Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 4(3), 332-340.
Hogardt, M., & Heesemann, J. (2013). Microevolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a chronic pathogen of the cystic fibrosis lung. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 358, 91-118.
Tiwari, R. P., Deol, K., Rishi, P., & Grewal, J. S. (2002). Factors affecting haemolysin production and Congo red binding in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT 98. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 51(6), 503-509.
Barakat, R., Goubet, I., Manon, S., Berges, T., & Rosenfeld, E. (2014). Unsuspected pyocyanin effect in yeast under anaerobiosis. MicrobiologyOpen, 3(1), 1-14.
Lau, G. W., Hassett, D. J., Ran, H., & Kong, F. (2004). The role of pyocyanin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 10(12), 599-606.
MacFaddin, J. F. (2000). Biochemical test for identification of medical bacteria. (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. USA., Pp. 555-565.
Kayser, F. H., Bienz, K. A., Eckert, J., & Zinkernagel, R. M. (2005). Medical Microbiology. (9th ed.). Thieme. Stuttgart. New York, Pp. 698.
Brown, P. D., & Izundu, A. (2004). Antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Jamaica. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica, 16, 125-130.
Bauer, A. W., Kirby, W. M. M., Sherris, J. C., & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45(4), 493-496.
Clinical and laboratory standards institute. (2018). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. (28th ed.). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Document, M100: Wayne, USA.: Pp. 39-40.
Hailu, D., Mekonnen, D., Derbie, A., Mulu, W., & Abera, B. (2016). Pathogenic bacteria profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ear infection at Bahir Dar Regional Health Research Laboratory Center,Ethiopia.SpringerPlus,5(1), 466.
Mubarak, K. I., Farhan, A. A., & Razuki, B. M. (2011). Bacterial Otitis Media in Diyala. Journal of Technique, 24(7), A19-A30.
Hamid, A. N., Al Maeny, S. A. L., & Nader, M. I. (2017). Relationship of Lectins Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with some other virulence factors. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 10(1), 108-118.
Elmanama, A. A., Tayyem, N. E. A., & Allah, S. A. N. (2014). The bacterial etiology of otitis media and their antibiogram among children in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences, 15(2), 87-91.
Jafat, N. N. (2013). Isolation and identification of some bacteria that causes inflammation of otitis media in Thi-Qar. Journal of Thi-Qar Science, 3(4), 11-16.
Al-Mohana, A. M., Al-Yasiri, I. K., & Al-Toriahi, T. S. A. D. (2008). ß-Lactamase Producing Bacteria Isolated From Patients Infected With Otitis media. Kerbala Journal of Medicine, 2(3), 289-294.
Jreemich, S. K. (2014). Isolation of Some Bacteria from Chronic Otitis Media. Al-Qadisiyah Medical Journal, 10(18), 159-163.
Alrubaiee, A. R. H., & Abdulwahed, A. G. (2013). Chronic Suppurative Otitis media risk factors in our society. Basrah Journal of Surgery, 19(2), 40-47.
Poorey, V. K. (2002). Study of bacterial flora in CSOM and its clinical significance. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 54(2), 91-95.
Hassooni, H. R., Fadhil, S. F., Hameed, R. M., Alhusseiny, A. H., & Jadoo, S. A. A. (2018). Upper respiratory tract infection and otitis media are clinically and microbiologically associated. Journal of Ideas in Health, 1(1), 29-33.
Alkhlifawi, I. J. (2013). Isolation & Identification of Bacteria Causes Otitis Media in Children, Study the Resistance to Antimicrobials and The Effect of Cerumen and Xylitol on Selected Isolated Bacteria. Journal of Karbala University, (11)1, 12-19.
Magtooph, M. G., & Kredy, H. M. (2006). Secretion ß-lactamase Enzyme from some Gram negative Bacteria Causing Chronic Otitis Media disease In Nassriya. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 11(1),1-4.
Deshmukh K. A., & Manthale D. (2017). Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from chronic suppurative Otitis media. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 3(1), 56-60.
Kim, S. H., Kim, M. G., Kim, S. S., Cha, S. H., & Yeo, S. G. (2015). Change in detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their antibiotic sensitivities in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. The Journal of International Advanced Otology, 11(2), 151-156.
Acuin, J., & Browning, G. G. (2002). Clinical review Chronic suppurative otitis media Commentary: Interpreting the evidence. British Medical Journal, 325(7373), 1159-1160.
Lee, S. K., Lee, M. S., Jung, S. Y., Byun, J. Y., Park, M. S., & Yeo, S. G. (2010). Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea of chronic suppurative otitis media patients. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,143(4),500-505.
Ali, M. J. (2011). Isolation and Identification the bacterial causes agent of otitis media in patients with otitis media in AL-Hawija City. Tikrit Journal of Pure Sciences, 16(1), 106-111.
Bnyan, I. A., & Ahmed, H. F. (2013). Effect of some factors on extracellular hemolysin filtrate from bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn infection in Hilla city. Research in Pharmacy, 3(2), 26-32.
Razzak, M. S. A., Muhsin, M. A., & Al-wae’li, N. k. K. H. (2009). Study of Some Characteristics of the Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Otitis Media in Babylon Province. Medical Journal of Babylon, 6(2), 225-234.
Juhas, M., Eberl, L., & Tummler, B. (2005). Quorum sensing: the power of cooperation in the world of Pseudomonas. Environmental Microbiology, 7(4), 459-471.
Kuang, Z., Hao, Y., Hwang, S., Zhang, S., Kim, E., Akinbi, H. T., Schurr, M. J., Irvin, R.T., Hassett, D. J., & Lau, G. W. (2011). The Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellum confers resistance to pulmonary surfactant protein‐A by impacting the production of exoproteases through quorum‐sensing. Molecular Microbiology, 79(5), 1220-1235.
Abdullah, R. M., & Mehdi, A. F. (2016). Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical specimens by using 16S rDNA gene. Journal of Biotechnology Research Center,10(1),45-49.
Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (2006). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. (16th ed.). Informational Supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute Document, M100-S16: Wayne, Pennsylvania.
Al-zubaidy, I. (2014). Microbiological assessment of chronic suppurative otitis media.Kufa Journal for Nursing Scinces,3(4),101-105.
Sheng, W. H., Chen, Y. C., Wang, J. T., Chang, S. C., Luh, K. T., & Hsieh, W. C. (2002). Emerging fluoroquinolone-resistance for common clinically important gram-negative bacteria inTaiwan. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 43(2), 141-147.
Alsaimary, I. E., Alabbasi, A. M., & Najim, J. M. (2010). Antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media. African Journal of Bacteriology Research,2(4),41-50.
Muhammed, N. K., & Hamood, H. J. (2016). Role of Bacteria in chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Sensitivity pattern in Baqubah Teaching Hospital. Diyala Journal of Medicine, 10(2), 25-33.
AL-Ataar, Z. I. (2015). The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas species in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Al-Kindy College Medical Journal, 11(1), 49-52.
Gul, A. A., Ali, L., Rahim, E., & Ahmed, S. (2007). Chronic suppurative otitis media: frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients and its sensitivity to various antibiotics. Professional Medical Journal, 14(3), 411-5.
Kumar, H., & Seth, S. (2011). Bacterial and fungal study of 100 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 5(6), 1224-1227.
Suhail, Z., Ashrafi, A. K., Malik Iqbal, S. S., Khambaty, Y., Khan, A. F., & Sajjad Qaiser, M. S. (2012). Microorganism and Anti-Microbial Resistance of Bacterial Agents in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patients at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology, 28, 92-94.
