Radon Exhalation Rate and Mean Annual Effective Dose from Radium concentration from Gharraf Canal and Its Some Branches in Thi Qar Governorate (Iraq)

Abstract

The radon exhalation rate in term of area was variable (10.4-52.1 mBq.m^-2.h^-1) with the average value (30.1 mBq.m^-2.h^-1) while the radon exhalation rate in term of mass was variable (1.09-5.45 mBq.kg^-1.h^-1) with the average value (3.15 mBq.kg^-1.h^-1) and radium concentration is varied (0.144-0.722 Bq.kg^-1) with the average value (0.417 Bq.kg^-1). The annual effective dose of radium for three population groups was carried out, and lifetime risk assessment was about 10^-4 when used this water as a drinking water. The results compared with safe recommended limit to radium concentration and the annual effective dose of radium in drinking water according to WHO and with other countries